The legal requirements pertaining to surveillance and personal cameras are contained within the code of practice issued by the ICO.

Surveillance is now a proactive technology which can identify people and keep detailed records of activities.

As a consequence of the greater use of personal surveillance, the Protection of Freedoms Act (POFA) was passed in England and Wales. The POFA has seen the introduction of a new surveillance camera code and appointment of a Surveillance Camera Commissioner, while the ICO's code of practice adds even more enforcement powers.